The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. On its face, it prohibits the United States Congress from making laws respecting an establishment of religion the Establishment Clause or that prohibit free exercise of religion the Free Exercise Clause, laws that infringe the freedom of speech, infringe the freedom of the press, limit the right to assemble peaceably, or limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Although the First Amendment explicitly prohibits only the named rights from being abridged by laws made by the Congress, the courts have interpreted it as applying more broadly. As the first sentence in the body of the Constitution reserves all lawmaking legislative authority to the Congress, the courts have held that the First Amendments terms also extend to the executive and judicial branches. Additionally, in the th century the Supreme Court has held that the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment incorporates the limitations of the First Amendment. That means that the restrictions of the First Amendment also apply to the states, including the local governments within each of those states.
107th CONGRESS 1st Session H. AN ACT To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. Short title and table of contents.
ENHANCING DOMESTIC SECURITY AGAINST TERRORISM Sec. Sense of Congress condemning discrimination against Arab and Muslim Americans. Increased funding for the technical support center at the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies.
Expansion of National Electronic Crime Task Force Initiative. Authority to intercept wire, oral, and electronic communications relating to terrorism. Authority to intercept wire, oral, and electronic communications relating to computer fraud and abuse offenses. Authority to share criminal investigative information. Clarification of intelligence exceptions from limitations on interception and disclosure of wire, oral, and electronic communications. Employment of translators by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Roving surveillance authority under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. United States persons who are agents of a foreign power. Scope of subpoenas for records of electronic communications. Emergency disclosure of electronic communications to protect life and limb. Authority for delaying notice of the execution of a warrant. Pen register and trap and trace authority under FISA. Access to records and other items under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Modification of authorities relating to use of pen registers and trap and trace devices. Interception of computer trespasser communications. Nationwide service of search warrants for electronic evidence. Assistance to law enforcement agencies. Civil liability for certain unauthorized disclosures. Immunity for compliance with FISA wiretap. TERRORIST FINANCING ACT OF 2001 Sec.
International Counter Money Laundering and Related Measures Sec. Special measures for jurisdictions, financial institutions, or international transactions of primary money laundering concern.
Special due diligence for correspondent accounts and private banking accounts. Prohibition on United States correspondent accounts with foreign shell banks. Cooperative efforts to deter money laundering.
Inclusion of foreign corruption offenses as money laundering crimes. Laundering money through a foreign bank. Forfeiture of funds in United States interbank accounts. Financial institutions specified in subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States code. Corporation represented by a fugitive.
Concentration accounts at financial institutions. International cooperation on identification of originators of wire transfers.
International cooperation in investigations of money laundering, financial crimes, and the finances of terrorist groups. Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements Sec. Amendments relating to reporting of suspicious activities. Penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and certain recordkeeping requirements, and lengthening effective period of geographic targeting orders. Authorization to include suspicions of illegal activity in written employment references. Reporting of suspicious activities by securities brokers and dealers; investment company study.
Special report on administration of bank secrecy provisions. Bank secrecy provisions and activities of United States intelligence agencies to fight international terrorism.
Reporting of suspicious activities by underground banking systems. Use of authority of United States Executive Directors. Establishment of highly secure network. Increase in civil and criminal penalties for money laundering.
Uniform protection authority for Federal Reserve facilities. Reports relating to coins and currency received in nonfinancial trade or business.
Efficient use of currency transaction report system. Currency Crimes and Protection Sec. Bulk cash smuggling into or out of the United States. Forfeiture in currency reporting cases.
Counterfeiting domestic currency and obligations. Counterfeiting foreign currency and obligations. Laundering the proceeds of terrorism. Protecting the Northern Border Sec. Ensuring adequate personnel on the northern border. Access by the Department of State and the INS to certain identifying information in the criminal history records of visa applicants and applicants for admission to the United States. Limited authority to pay overtime. Report on the integrated automated fingerprint identification system for ports of entry and overseas consular posts.
Mandatory detention of suspected terrorists; habeas corpus; judicial review. Preservation of Immigration Benefits for Victims of Terrorism Sec.
Extension of filing or reentry deadlines. Humanitarian relief for certain surviving spouses and children.
Evidence of death, disability, or loss of employment. No benefits to terrorists or family members of terrorists. REMOVING OBSTACLES TO INVESTIGATING TERRORISM Sec. Attorney Generals authority to pay rewards to combat terrorism. Secretary of States authority to pay rewards. DNA identification of terrorists and other violent offenders. Extension of Secret Service jurisdiction. Disclosure of information from NCES surveys.
Aid to Families of Public Safety Officers Sec. Expedited payment for public safety officers involved in the prevention, investigation, rescue, or recovery efforts related to a terrorist attack. Technical correction with respect to expedited payments for heroic public safety officers. Public safety officers benefit program payment increase.